Genetic conservation of salmonid fishes

Title:

ISBN:

9780306445323

Publication Information:

New York : Plenum Press , 1993.

Physical Description:

314 s. ; 24 sm.

Series:

NATO ASI series. Series A, Life sciences ; v. 248

Series Title:

NATO ASI series. Series A, Life sciences ; v. 248

General Note:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Abstract:

Genetic Conversation of Salmonid Fishes --Joseph G. Cloud-- Contents Methods to Describe Fish Stocks .............. 1 R. Guyomard 1. Introduction 1 2. Methods to Describe Genetic Variation 1 3. Comparative Advantages and Limitations of the Different Methods of Description 10 4. Data Analysis 13 5. Sampling Problems 19 6. Conclusion 20 References 20 Spatial Organization of Pacific Salmon: What To Conserve? ...... 23 B.E. Riddell 1. Introduction 23 2. Genetic Diversity in Pacific Salmon 25 3. What Is It We Are Preserving? 27 4. What Are the Major Sources of Impacts? 29 5. What to Conserve? 33 6. Discussion 35 References 37 Status of Biodiversity of Taxa and Nontaxa of Salmonid Fishes: Contemporary Problems of Classification and Conservation 43 R.J. Behnke 1. Introduction 43 2. What Is a Species? 43 3. Implications and Examples 46 References 47 Requirements for Genetic Data on Adaptations to Environment and Habitats of Salmonids .................. 49 C.D. Levings 1. Introduction 49 2. Approach 51 3. Fresh Water Environment 51 4. Fresh Water Habitats 55 5. Estuaries 58 6. Ocean Environments 59 7. Conclusions 61 References 61 Impacts of Fishing on Genetic Structure of Salmonid Populations 67 J.E. Thorpe 1. Introduction 67 2. Phenorypic Population Changes following Fishing 68 3. Genetic Status of Populations following Fishing 73 4. Other Potential Genetic Effects of Fisheries 76 References 77 Genetic Change in Hatchery Populations ........... 81 G.A.E. Gall 1. Introduction 81 2. Background 82 3. Initial Sampling 85 4. Domestication 86 5. Program Management 86 6. Genetic and Breeding Goals 88 7. Conclusion 90 References 90 Potential Impacts of Transgenic and Genetically Manipulated Fish on Natural Populations: Addressing the Uncertainties through Field Testing ... 93 E. Hallerman and A. Kapuscinski 1. Introduction 93 2. Ecological and Genetic Uncertainties Posed by Transgenic Fishes 95 3. Field Testing of Transgenic Fishes 98 4. Ecological and Genetic Uncertainties Posed by Chromosomally Manipulated Fishes 101 5. Scientific and Ecological Uncertainties Posed by Chimeric Fishes 105 6. Decision Making and Risk Management 106 7. Perspectives on Genetic Modification of Fishes 107 References 109 The Reproductive Containment of Genetically Altered Salmonids .113 E.M. Donaldson, R.H. Devlin, I.I. Solar, and F. Piferrer 1. Introduction 113 2. Sterilization Techniques 115 3. Chemosterilization 116 4. Exposure to X or Gamma Irradiation 116 5. Treatment with Androgen 117 6. Induction of Female Triploidy 119 7. Production of Sterile Hybrids 120 8. Production of Sterile Transgenics 121 9. Monosex Techniques 121 10. Discussion 122 References 124 Gcrmplasnı Repositories for Plants ............. 131 R. L. Clark 1. Organization and Operation 131 2. Acquisition of Germplasm 131 3. Maintenance 132 4. Evaluation 132 5. Distribution and Utilization 133 6. Advisory Groups 134 7. International Relationships ’134 8. Summary 135 References 135 Advances in the Cryopreservation of Embryos and Prospects for Application to the Conservation of Salmonid Fishes .......... 137 W.F. Rail " 1. Introduction 137 2. Current Status of Embryo Cryopreservation 138 3. Controlled Slow-Freezing Procedures 140 4. Vitrification Approaches 143 5. Cryopreservation of Fruit Fly (D. melanogaster) Embryos by Vitrification 148 6. Factors Complicating the Application of Embryo Cryopreservation to Salmonid Fishes 153 7. Conclusions 155 References 155 Genetic Resource Banks and Reproductive Technology for Wildlife Conservation ................. 159 D.E. Wildt, U.S. Seal and W.F. Rail 1. Introduction 159 2. Developing Strategies for Conservation (Cross-Institutional Cooperation and Getting Organized) 160 3. A Call for Genetic Resource Banking , 160 4. Justification and Potential Utility of Genetic Resource Banks 161 5. Utility of Genetic Resource Banks for Both Habitat and Single Species Conservationists 162 6. Overview on State-of-the-Art Reproductive Biotechnology Including Cryopreservation of Germ Plasm and Embryos , 163 7. Recommendations for Establishing Genetic Resource Banks 167 8. Summary 169 References 169 Cryopreservation of Fish Spermatozoa ............ 175 B. Harvey 1. Why Freeze Fish Spermatozoa? 175 2. What Are the Technical Problems? 175 3. A Partial List of Fish Species Whose Spermatozoa Have Been Frozen 176 4. Features of Successful Methods 176 5. Practical Limitations of Cryopreservation Methods 177 6. Making User-Friendly 177 References 178 The Norwegian Gene Bank Programme for Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) . . 181 D. Gausen 1. Introduction 181 2. Objectives and Strategies 181 3. Method of Cryopreservation and Sampling Strategy 183 4. Organization of the Gene Bank Programme 184 5. Results and Experiences 185 References 187 Reconstitution of Genetic Strains of Salmonids Using Biotechnical Approaches . 189 G.H. Thorgaard and J.G. Cloud 1. Introduction 189 2. Reconstitution from Cryopreserved Sperm 190 3. Reconstitution Using Cryopreserved Embryonic Cells 192 4. Conclusions 193 References 193 Genetic Components in Life History Traits Contribute to Population Structure 197 AJ. Gharrett and W.W. Smoker 1. Introduction 197 2. Study Site and Species 198 3. Timing of Adult Returns 198 4. Timing of Juvenile Emigrations 200 5. Discussion 200 References 201 Status and Plight of the Searun Cutthroat Trout ......... 203 P.C. Trotter, P.A. Bisson, andB. Fransen 1. Introduction 203 2. Populations at Risk and Reasons for Declines 203 3. Historic Range and Life Cycle 203 4. Amount and Distribution of Genetic Diversity 206 5. Key Research Needs 208 6. Summary 210 References 210 Status of Genetic Conservation in Salmonid Populations from Asturian Rivers (North of Spain) .............. 213 P. Moran, E.Garcia-Vazquez, A.M. Pendas, J.I. Izquierdo, J.A. Martin Ventura, and P. Fernandez-Rueda 1. Introduction 213 2. Materials and Methods 213 <t 3. Results and Discussion 215 References 217 Genetic Status of Atlantic Salmon (S. salar) in Asturian Rivers (Northern Spain) 219 J.A. Sânchez, G. Blanco, and E. Vazquez 1. Introduction 219 2. Materials and Methods 219 3.

Results and Discussion 221 References 223 Genetic Management of Natural Fish Populations ......... 227 G.W. Wohlfarth 1. Introduction 227 2. Overexploitation 227 3. Rapid Environmental Changes 227 4. Choice of Stocks 227 5. Suggestions for Restoring Wild Fish Populations by Genetic Management 229 6. Summary 229 References 229 Genetics of Salmonids in Czechoslovakia: Current Status of Knowledge . . . 231 M. Flajshans, P. Rab, and L. Kalal 1. Salmonids in Czechoslovakia 231 2. Cytotaxonomy and Cytogenetics 234 3. Biochemical Genetics 235 4. Breeding Work 237 5. Introductions and Gene Pool Conservation 238 References 239 Occurrence, Distribution, and Potential Future of Yugoslavian Salmonids . . 243 E. Teskeredzic, Z. Teskeredzic, E.McLean, M. Tomec, and R. Coz-Rakovac 1. Introduction 245 2. Representative Salmonids ‘ 243 3. Introduced Species 247 4. The Future 248 References 249 Genetic Differentiation and Relationship within and between Natural and Cultured Populations of Oncorhynchm masou Complex in Japan . . 253 M. Nakajima and Y. Fujio 1. Introduction 253 2. Materials and Methods 253 3. Results 256 4. Discussion 260 5. Summary 260 References 261 Data Base for Trout Brood Stocks ............. 263 H.L. Kincaid 1. Introduction 263 2. Methods 264 3. Management Applications 266 References 266 The Use of Supplementation to Aid in Natural Stock Restoration ..... 269 M.L. Cuenco, T.W.H. Backman, and P.R. Mundy 1. Introduction 270 2. Definition of Supplementation 271 3. Uses of Supplementation 272 4. When to Use Supplementation 272 5. Approach to a Supplementation Program 275 6. Supplementation Technology 276 7. Risk Analysis 281 8. Research Needs 287 References 288 Status of the Genetic Resources of Pacific Rim Salmon 295 A.J. Gharrett, B.E. Riddell, I.E. Seeb, and J.H. Helle 1. Introduction 295 2. Southeastern Range 296 3. Southwestern Range 297 4. Northern Range 298 5. Conclusions 299 References 299 Status of the Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar L., Its Distribution and the Threats to Natural Populations ............... 303 D. Thompson 1. Introduction 303 2. Genetical Risks 305 3. Ecological Risks 305 4. Conclusion 305 Selective Breeding and Domestication ............ 307 H.L. Kincaid 1. Types of Selection in Hatchery and Natural Environments 307 2. Hatchery Practices Can Modify the "Natural" Gene Pool 307 3. Recommendations 308 Index ..................... 311

Subject Term:

Balıklar_Genetik

Salmonidae_Genetics Congresses

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