Cover image for Basic palaeontology
Title:
Basic palaeontology
Author:
Benton, Michael J.
ISBN:
9780582228573
Personal Author:
Publication Information:
New York : Prentice Hall , 1997.
Physical Description:
342 s. ; 25 sm.
Abstract:
BASIC PALEONTOLOGY <br>MICHAEL J. BENTON<br>DAVID A. HARPER<br><br>Contents<br> <br> <br>Preface Vİİİ<br>Acknowledgements İX<br><br><br> <br> <br>Chapter 1 Palaeontology as a science<br>Steps to understanding 2<br>Geology and palaeontology 4<br>Fossils and evolution 5<br>Palaeontology today 5<br>Fossil preservation 8<br>Chapter 2 Fossils in time and space<br>Introduction 20<br>Frameworks 20<br>Biostratigraphy 24<br>Palaeoecology 27<br>Palaeobiogeography 37<br>Fossils in fold belts 40 <br>Chapter 3 Macroevolution<br>Phylogeny first The 46<br>origin of species 55<br>Growth and form 57<br>Chapter 4 The origin of life<br> <br><br>Introduction 64<br>The oldest organisms:prokaryotes 64<br>Life diversifies: eukaryotes 67<br> <br>Chapter 5 Early metazoans<br> <br><br>Introduction 74<br>Invertebrate body and skeletal plans 74<br>Classification and relationships 76<br>Ediacara fauna 76<br>Small shelly fauna 79<br>Soft-bodied lower invertebrates 80<br> <br><br>Parazoan strategy 82<br>Porifera 83<br>Stromatoporoidea 87<br>Archaeocyatha 88<br>Chapter 6 Radialians 1: cnidarians and lophophorates<br>Introduction 96<br>Cnidarians 96<br>Lophophorates 110<br>Chapter 7 Radialians 2: echinoderms and hemichordates<br>Introduction 132<br>Echinoderms 132<br>Hemichordates 144<br>Chapter 8 Spiralians: arthropods and molluscs<br>Introduction 158<br>Arthropods 158<br>Molluscs 170<br> <br>Chapter 9 Vertebrates<br>Introduction 196<br>Origin of the vertebrates 196<br>Fishes 197<br>Tetrapods 202<br>Reign of the reptiles 204<br>Bird evolution 213<br>Rise of the mammals 213<br>The line to humans 219<br>Chapter 10 Fossil plants<br>Introduction 224<br>Plant preservation 224<br>Fungi 225<br>Terrestrialization of plants 225<br>The great coal forests 231<br>Seed-bearing plants 234<br>Flowering plants 237<br>Chapter 11 Microfossils<br>Introduction224<br> Protista 244<br>Microinvertebrates 256<br>Microvertebrates 259<br>Plant palynomorphs 266 <br>Chapter 12 Trace fossils<br>Introduction274<br>Trace fossils as fossilized behaviour 274<br>Trace fossils in sediments 278<br>Case studies285<br>Chapter 13 Major diversifications and extinctions<br>Introduction 292<br>The diversification of life 292<br>Mass extinctions 297<br>Ten major steps 306<br>Geological time scale 312<br>Glossary 314<br>Index 330<br>
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