<br>Encyclopedia of Reproduction Volume 1 A-en<br><br><br><br><br>Contents<br>Contents by Subject Area xxiii<br>Preface xxxiii<br>Guide to the Encyclopedia xxxv<br>Abortion 1<br>Steven J. Sondheimer<br>Acanthocephala 6<br>D. W. T. Crompton<br>Acrosome Reaction 17<br>Gregory S. Kopf<br>Activin and Activin Receptors 26<br>Ralph H. Schwall<br>Adrenal Androgens 35<br>Collin B. Smikle<br>Adrenal Hyperplasia,<br>Congenital Virilizing 43<br>Peter A. Lee, Selma F. Witchel<br>Adrenarche 51<br>Frank Gonzalez<br>Aedes aegypti 61<br>Alexander S. Raikhel, Thomas W. Sappington<br>Aggressive Behavior 77<br>David A. Edwards<br>Agnatha 83<br>Stacia A. Sower, Aubrey Gorbman<br>Allantochorion (Chorioallantois) 91<br>Fuller W. Bazer<br> <br>Allantoic Fluid 93<br>Fuller W. Bazer<br>Allantois 95<br>Fuller W. Bazer<br>Allatostatins 97<br>Stephen S. Tobe<br>Altitude, Effects on Humans 107<br>Lorna G. Moore<br>Altricial and Precocial Development<br>in Birds 113<br>F. M. Anne McNabb<br>Altruism in Insect Reproduction 118<br>Laurence Packer<br>Altruistic Behavior, Vertebrates 129<br>R. Haven Wiley<br>Amenorrhea 135<br>Sarah Berga<br>Amniocentesis 144<br>Nancy C. Rose, Tzazil Ayala<br>Amniotic Fluid 149<br>Robert A. Brace<br>Amphibian Ovarian Cycles 154<br>Alberta M. Polzonetti-Magni<br>Amphibian Reproduction, Overview 161<br>Marvalee H. Wake<br>Androgen Inhibitors/Antiandrogens 166<br>Vivian L. Fuh, Elizabeth Stoner<br>Androgen Insensitivity Syndromes 174<br>James Aiman<br> <br>Androgens 180<br>Bernard Robaire<br>Androgens, Effects in Birds 188<br>Cheryl F. Harding<br>Androgens, Effects in Mammals 197<br>Shalender Bhasin<br>Androgens, Subavian Species 207<br>Kyle W. Selcer, Jeffrey W. Clemens<br>Andrology: Origins and Scope 214<br>Philip Troen<br>Annelida 219<br>Damhnait McHugh<br>Anterior Pituitary 224<br>Robert B. Page<br>Antiestrogens 229<br>Donald P. McDonnell<br>Antiprogestins 238<br>Irving M. Spitz<br>Apgar Score 248<br>Joseph Dancis,<br>Karen D. Hendricks-Munoz<br>Aphids 251<br>Jim Hardie<br>Aplysia 255<br>Stephen Arch<br>Apoptosis (Cell Death) 261<br>Paul F. Terranova,<br>Christopher C. Taylor<br>Armadillo 274<br>Richard D. Peppier<br>Aromatization 280<br>Alan J. Conley, Karen W. Walters<br>Artificial Insemination, in Animals 291<br>William L. Flowers<br>Artificial Insemination, in Humans 302<br>Douglas T. Carrell, Deborah Cartmill<br>Asexual Reproduction 311<br>Kerstin Wasson<br>Autonomie Nervous System<br>and Reproduction 320<br>Karen J. Berkley<br> <br>Avian Reproduction, Overview 325<br>Tony D. Williams<br>Avian Reproductive System,<br>Developmental Endocrinology 337<br>James E. Woods, Robert C. Thommes<br>Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) 349<br>Kevin T. McVary, John T. Grayhack<br>Birds, Diversity of 358<br>Scott V. Edwards<br>Blastocyst 370<br>Richard M. Schultz<br>Blood-Testis Barrier 375<br>Brian P. Setchell<br>Brachiopoda 382<br>Stephen A. Stricker ä ‘ :<br>Breast Cancer 389<br>Laura Esserman, Hope Wallace<br>Breast Disorders 402<br>Stefanie S. Jeffrey, Diana O. Cua<br>Breastfeeding 411<br>Carla D. Harris, Eloise D. Clawson<br>Breeding Strategies for<br>Domestic Animals 419<br>George R. Foxcroft<br>Brood Parasitism in Birds 425<br>Alfred M. Dufty, Jr.<br>Brace Effect 433<br>Peter Brennan<br>Bryozoa (Ectoprocta) 439<br>Robert Woollacott<br>Caenorhabditis elegans 449<br>Dave Pilgrim<br>Captive Breeding of Wildlife 458<br>Barbara S. Durrant<br> <br>Cardiovascular Adaptation<br>to Pregnancy 467<br>Margaret K. McLaughlin, Robin F. Gandley<br>Castration, Effects in Humans (Male) 475<br>Harald H. J. Hoekstra,<br>Mels F. van Driel,<br>Pax H. B. Willemse<br>Castration, Effects in Nonhuman<br>Mammals (Female) 480<br>Sandra J. Legan<br>Castration, Effects in Nonhuman<br>Mammals (Male) 486<br>Graeme B. Martin, David R. Lindsay<br>Cats 497<br>David E. Wildt, Janine L. Brown, William F. Swanson<br>Cattle 510<br>Roy Fogwell<br>CBG (Corticosteroid-Binding Globulin) 526 Geoffrey L. Hammond<br>Cephalochordata 529<br>M. Dale Stokes<br>Cervical Cancer 536<br>James A. Roberts, B. Hannah Ortiz<br>Cervix 546<br>Kamran S. Moghissi<br>Cesarean Delivery 553<br>Linda J. Heffner<br>Chaetognatha 559<br>George L. Shinn<br>Chelicerate Arthropods 564<br>W. Reuben Kaufman<br>Chickens, Control of Reproduction in 572<br>Peter J. Sharp<br>Choriocarcinoma 581<br>Anthony C. Evans, Jr.<br>Chorionic Gonadotropin, Human 587<br>Robert E. Canfield, Stephen Birken, John O’Connor, Leslie Lobel<br>Chorionic Gonadotropins,<br>Nonhuman Mammals 601<br>Marylynn Barkley, Mary B. Zelinski-Wooten<br> <br>Orcadian Rhythms 614<br>Fred W. Turek<br>Circannual Rhythms 620<br>Irving Zucker, Brian J. Prendergast<br>Circumcision 627<br>M. Scan Esplin<br>Clitoris 631<br>Ursula Kuhnle<br>Cloning Mammals by Nuclear Transfer 638<br>Randall S. Prather<br>Cnidaria 645<br>Daphne Gail Fautin<br>Conjugation in Ciliates 653<br>Peter J. Bruns<br>Contraceptive Methods and<br>Devices, Female 661<br>Malcolm Potts, Diana S. Wolfe<br>Contraceptive Methods and<br>Devices, Male 667<br>William J. Bremner, M. Cristina Meriggiola<br>Copulation, Mammals 675<br>Robert L. Meisel<br>Corpora Lutea of<br>Nonmammalian Species 680<br>Giovanni Chieffi, Gabriella Chieffi Baccari<br>Corpus Allatum 688<br>Stephen S. Tobe<br>Corpus Cardiacum, Insects 698<br>Barry G. Lough ton<br>Corpus Luteum (CL) 703<br>Gordon D. Niswender,<br>Jennifer J. Juengel,<br>Eric W. Mclntush<br>Corpus Luteum of Pregnancy 709<br>Richard L. Stouffer<br>Corpus Luteum Peptides 718<br>O. David Sherwood, Phillip A. Fields<br>Cotyledonary Placenta 730<br>Stephen P. Ford<br> <br>Cricetidae (Hamsters and Lemmings) 739<br>Bruce D. Goldman,<br>David A. Freeman<br>Critical Period, Estrous Cycle 748<br>Lewis C. Krey<br>Crustacea 755<br>Hans Laufer, Matthew Landau<br>Cryopreservation of Embryos 765<br>C. Matthew Peterson, Akiyasu Mizukami, Douglas T. Carrell<br>Cryopreservation of Sperm 773<br>Rupert P. Amann<br>Cryptorchidism 784<br>George W. Kaplan, Irene M. McAleer<br>Ctenophora 792<br>George I. Matsumoto<br>Cycliophora 800<br>Peter Punch,<br>Reinhardt M0bjerg Kristensen<br>Cytokines 809<br>Sarah A. Robertson<br>Decidua 823<br>Linda C. Giudice, Juan C. Irwin<br>Deciduoma 836<br>Geula Gibori, Yan Gu<br>Deer 842<br>Edward D. Plotka<br>DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone) 858<br>John E. Nestler, Nancy Pahle<br>Diapause 863<br>David L. Denlinger, Seiji Tanaka<br>Dihydro testosterone 872<br>Shutsung Liao, Richard A. Hiipakka<br>Diploptera punctata 880<br>Barbara Stay<br>Discoidal Placenta 890<br>John J. Rasweiler, IV, Nilima K. Badwaik<br> <br>Dogs 902<br>Cheryl S. Asa<br>Dorsal Bodies in Mollusca 910<br>A. Saber M. Saleuddin<br>Drosophila 917<br>Maria B. Sokolowski, John Ewer<br>Ecdysiotropins and Ecdysiostatins 929<br>Henry H. Hagedorn<br>Ecdysteroids 933<br>Henry H. Hagedorn<br>Echinodermata 940<br>Maria Byrne<br>Ectopic Pregnancy 955<br>Christos Coutifaris<br>Egg, Avian . o:,’ .o .°-i 963<br>Carol M. Vleck<br>Egg Coverings, Insects 971<br>Michael P. Kambysellis, Lukas Margaritis, Elysse M. Craddock<br>Eicosanoids 991<br>William J. Silvia<br>Ejaculation 1002<br>Kevin E. McKenna . o.., o,-.-.;, .,o.<br>Elasmobranch Reproduction 1009<br>Thomas J. Koob<br>Elephants 1018<br>Keith Hodges, Cheryl Niemuller, Janine Brown<br>Embryogenesis, Mammalian 1029<br>Carol A. Burdsal<br>Embryo Transfer 1037<br>George E. Seidel, Jr.<br>Endogenous Opioids 1043<br>John A. Russell, C. H. Brown, R. W. Caron<br> <br>Endometriosis 1061<br>Camran Nezhat, Farr Nezhat, Ceana Nezhat<br>Endometrium 1067<br>Linda C. Giudice<br>Endotheliochorial Placentation 1078<br>Vibeke Dantzer<br> <br>Energetics of Reproduction 1085<br>Cynthia Carey<br>Energy Balance, Effects on Reproduction 1091<br>George N. Wade<br>Environmental Estrogens 1100<br>Stephen H. Safe<br>