<br>Nutrition and feeding of fish<br><br>Tom lovell<br><br>Contents<br>CONTRIBUTORS xi<br>PREFACE xiii<br>The Concept of Feeding Fish 1<br>Evolution of Aquaculture 1<br>Necessity of Feeding Fish 2<br>Comparison of Feeding Fish and Land Animals 4<br>Fish Versus Farm Animals as Animal Protein in Human Diets 5<br>Levels of Fish Culture 8<br>The Nutrients 11<br>Energy Requirements and Sources 11<br>Proteins and Amino Acids 21<br>Vitamins 29<br>Essential Lipids 61<br>Minerals 63<br>Digestion and Metabolism 73<br>Digestion 73<br>Measuring Nutrient Digestibility in Fish 80<br>Metabolism 81<br>Rate of Metabolism (Oxygen Consumption) in Fish 89<br>Nonnutrient Diet Components 93<br>Toxins and Antimetabolites 93<br>Diet Additives 100<br>Accidental Contaminants 103<br>Feed Formulation and Processing 107<br>Formulating Fish Feeds 107<br>Practical Feed Ingredients 111<br>Processing Fish Feeds 119<br> <br>6 Fish Feeding Experiments 129<br>Controlled Environment Studies 129<br>Practical Environment Studies 138<br>// Practical Feeding - Channel Catfish 145<br>Feeding Practices 146<br>Nutritional Requirements of Channel Catfish 153<br>Importance of Natural Foods in Catfish Ponds 156<br>Effect of Fish Size on Feeding Responses 157<br>Compensatory Growth in Channel Catfish 158<br>Effects of Feed on Sensory Qualities of Processed Catfish 159<br>Feeding Brood Fish 161<br>8 Practical Feeding-Tilapias, Chhorn Lim 163<br>Culture Practices 163<br>Nutrient Requirements 167<br>Feeds and Feeding 176<br>9 Practical Feeding-Salmon and Trout, Ronald W. Hardy 185<br>Types of Salmonid Culture 185<br>Production of Seedstock 189<br>General Culture Methods 190<br>Nutrient Requirements 190<br>Feed Formulation 193<br>Feeding Practices 199<br>10 Practical Feeding-Penaeid Shrimps, Chhorn Lira and<br>Amber Persyn 205<br>Culture Practices 206<br>Nutrient Requirements 210<br>Feeds and Feeding 216<br>Practical Feeds 217<br>11 Practical Feeding-Eels, Shigeru Arai 223<br>Culture Methods 224<br>Nutritional Requirements 224<br>Feed Preparation 226<br>Feeding Practices 227<br>Daily Feeding Rate 228<br>Research Needs 229<br> <br>12 Practical Feeding-Crawfish, Edwin H. Robinson 231<br>Culture 232<br>Feeding Behavior 235<br>Providing Natural Foods for Crawfish 237<br>Supplemental Feeding 238<br>Nutrient Requirements 240<br>APPENDIX A Composition of Feed Ingredients 243<br>APPENDIX B Common and Scientific Names of Species 255<br>INDEX 256<br>